Desigualdade, solidão e aspecto político
Retratando a democracia radical com Hannah Arendt e Jacques Ranciere
Palavras-chave:
Balibar , Emancipação, Civilidade , Democracia agonística, SuperfluidadeResumo
Os democratas radicais destacam momentos marcantes da ação política, que perturbam os hábitos cotidianos de percepção que sustentam relações sociais desiguais. Ao fazer isso, no entanto, às vezes negligenciamos como as condições sociais – tal como a precarização do trabalho, o deslocamento social e a exposição diária à violência – podem minar a capacidade de ação política ou podem ser contestadas de modos pacíficos. Apesar das diferenças, dois pensadores que influenciaram a teoria democrática radical (Hannah Arendt e Jacques Rancière) têm recebido críticas de modo similar por contribuírem para uma imagem tão desprovida de peso social da política. Contudo, ao nos atentarmos à forma como cada um deles se vê preocupado com as condições sociais da desigualdade e solidão nos levam a reconhecer dois aspectos distintos da democracia política – a emancipação e a civilidade. Cultivando uma flexibilidade interpretativa que lhes permita alternar entre esses aspectos da política, os democratas radicais talvez consigam visualizar com maior clareza como as conquistas aparentes são limitadas e moldadas pelas condições sociais em que se concretizam.
Referências
AGAMBEN, Giorgio. Homo sacer: sovereign power and bare life. Tradução de Daniel Heller-Roazen. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998.
ALLEN, Danielle. Invisible citizens: political exclusion and domination in Arendt and Ellison. Nomos, v. 46, p. 28–76, 2005.
APOSTOLIDIS, Paul. The lessons of jornaleros: emancipatory education, migrant artists, and the aims of critical theory. Philosophy & Rhetoric, v. 49, n. 4, p. 368–391, 2016.
ARENDT, Hannah. On revolution. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1990.
ARENDT, Hannah. The human condition. 2. ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.
ARENDT, Hannah. The origins of totalitarianism. New York: Schocken Books, 2004.
ARENDT, Hannah. On humanity in dark times: thoughts on Lessing. In: ARENDT, Hannah. Men in dark times. New York: Harcourt, 1968.
ARENDT, Hannah. On the nature of totalitarianism: an essay in understanding. In: KOHN, Jerome (org.). Essays in understanding 1930–1954: formation, exile and totalitarianism. New York: Schocken Books, 1994.
ARENDT, Hannah. Philosophy and politics. Social Research, v. 57, n. 1, p. 73–103, primavera 1990.
ARENDT, Hannah. To save the Jewish homeland. In: KOHN, Jerome; FELDMAN, Ron H. (org.). The Jewish writings. New York: Schocken Books, 2007.
ARENDT, Hannah. Totalitarian imperialism: reflections on the Hungarian Revolution. The Journal of Politics, v. 20, n. 1, p. 5–43, fev. 1958.
ARENDT, Hannah. We refugees. In: KOHN, Jerome; FELDMAN, Ron H. (org.). The Jewish writings. New York: Schocken Books, 2007.
ARENDT, Hannah. What is freedom? In: ARENDT, Hannah. Between past and future: eight exercises in political thought. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1993.
ARENDT, Hannah; JASPERS, Karl. Correspondence 1932–1969. Org. Lotte Kohler e Hans Sander. New York: Harcourt, 1992.
BALIBAR, Etienne. Violence and civility: on the limits of modern philosophy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2015.
BALIBAR, Etienne. Hannah Arendt, the right to have rights, and civic disobedience. In: BALIBAR, Etienne. Equaliberty: political essays. Tradução de James Ingram. Durham: Duke University Press, 2014. p. 173–178.
BALIBAR, Etienne. Three concepts of politics. In: BALIBAR, Etienne. Politics and the other scene. London: Verso, 2002.
BERNASCONI, Robert. The double face of the political and the social: Hannah Arendt and America’s racial divisions. Research in Phenomenology, v. 26, n. 1, p. 3–24, jan. 1996.
BERNSTEIN, Richard. Reflections on radical evil: Arendt and Kant. Soundings, v. 85, n. 1/2, p. 17–30, primavera/verão 2002.
BERNSTEIN, Richard J. Hannah Arendt and the Jewish question. Cambridge: Polity, 1996.
BORREN, Marieke. Feminism as revolutionary practice: from justice and the politics of recognition to freedom. Hypatia, v. 28, n. 1, p. 197–214, fev. 2013.
BORREN, Marieke. Towards an Arendtian politics of in/visibility: on stateless refugees and undocumented aliens. Ethical Perspectives: Journal of the European Ethics Network, v. 15, n. 2, p. 213–237, 2008.
BREEN, Keith. Arendt, republicanism, and political freedom. In: HIRUTA, Kei (org.). Arendt on freedom, liberation, and revolution. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. p. 47–78.
CANOVAN, Margaret. Hannah Arendt: a reinterpretation of her political thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
CHAMBERS, Samuel. The lessons of Rancière. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
DAVIDSON, Julia O’Connell. Troubling freedom: migration, debt, and modern slavery. Migration Studies, v. 1, n. 2, p. 176–195, 2013.
DEMANDANTE, Darlene. The political subject and its experiences: an alternative reading of Rancière on political subjectivity. 2019. Tese (Doutorado) – Macquarie University, Sydney, 2019.
DERANTY, Jean-Philippe. Jacques Rancière’s contribution to the ethics of recognition. Political Theory, v. 31, n. 1, p. 136–156, fev. 2003.
DERANTY, Jean-Philippe; RENAULT, Emmanuel. Democratic agon: striving for distinction or struggle against domination and injustice. In: SCHAAP, Andrew (org.). Law and agonistic politics. Farnham: Ashgate, 2009. p. 43–56.
FRANK, Jason. Logical revolts: Jacques Rancière and political subjectivization. Political Theory, v. 43, n. 2, p. 249–261, 2015.
GAFFNEY, Jennifer. Another origin of totalitarianism: Arendt on the loneliness of liberal citizens. Journal of the British Association for Phenomenology, v. 47, n. 1, p. 1–17, 2016.
GINES, Kathryn T. Hannah Arendt and the Negro question. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2014.
GÜNDOĞDU, Ayten. Disagreeing with Rancière: speech, violence and the ambiguous subjects of politics. Polity, v. 49, n. 2, p. 188–219, mar. 2017.
GÜNDOĞDU, Ayten. Rightlessness in an age of rights: Hannah Arendt and the contemporary struggle of migrants. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.
HONIG, Bonnie. Towards an agonistic feminism: Hannah Arendt and the politics of identity. In: BUTLER, Judith; SCOTT, Joan (org.). Feminists theorize the political. London: Routledge, 1992.
INGRAM, James. Democracy and its conditions: Étienne Balibar and the contribution of Marxism to radical democracy. In: BREAUGH, Martin et al. (org.). Thinking radical democracy: the return to politics in postwar France. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015. p. 210–233.
INGRAM, James. The subject of the politics of recognition: Hannah Arendt and Jacques Rancière. In: LAUDOU, Christophe; CELIKATES, Robin; LAUER, David; BERTRAM, Georg W. (org.). Socialité et reconnaissance: grammaires de l’humain. Paris: Éditions L’Harmattan, 2007. p. 229–245.
ISAAC, Jeffrey C. Oases in the desert: Hannah Arendt on democratic politics. American Political Science Review, v. 88, n. 1, p. 156–168, mar. 1994.
KALYVAS, Andreas. Democracy and the politics of the extraordinary: Max Weber, Carl Schmitt, and Hannah Arendt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
KLAUSEN, Jimmy Casas. Hannah Arendt’s antiprimitivism. Political Theory, v. 38, n. 3, p. 394–423, 2010.
LUCAS, Sarah Drews. Loneliness and appearance: toward a concept of ontological agency. European Journal of Philosophy, v. 27, n. 3, p. 709–722, 2019.
MBEMBE, Achille. Necropolitics. Public Culture, v. 15, n. 1, p. 11–40, 2003.
MCNAY, Lois. The misguided search for the political. Cambridge: Polity, 2014.
MICHELS, Robert. Political parties: a sociological study of the oligarchical tendencies of modern democracy. Eastford, CT: Martino Fine Books, 2016.
MULDOON, James. The origins of Arendt’s council system. History of Political Thought, v. 37, n. 4, p. 761–789, 2016.
PANAGIA, Davide. The improper event: on Jacques Rancière’s mannerism. Citizenship Studies, v. 13, n. 3, p. 297–308, 2009.
PATTERSON, Orlando. Slavery and social death: a comparative study. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982.
POPP-MADSEN, Benjamin. Between form and formlessness: thinking council democracy with Cornelius Castoriadis, Hannah Arendt and Claude Lefort. 2018. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência Política) – University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2018.
QUINTANA, Laura. Jacques Rancière and the emancipation of bodies. Philosophy and Social Criticism, v. 45, n. 2, p. 212–238, 2019.
RANCIÈRE, Jacques. Democracy means equality. Radical Philosophy, n. 82, p. 29–36, mar./abr. 1997.
RANCIÈRE, Jacques. Disagreement: politics and philosophy. Tradução de Julie Rose. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998.
RANCIÈRE, Jacques. Hatred of democracy. Tradução de Steve Corcoran. London: Verso, 2009.
RANCIÈRE, Jacques. Introducing disagreement. Angelaki, v. 9, n. 3, p. 3–9, dez. 2004.
RANCIÈRE, Jacques. Politics and aesthetics: an interview. Angelaki, v. 8, n. 2, p. 191–211, ago. 2003.
RANCIÈRE, Jacques. Ten theses on politics. In: RANCIÈRE, Jacques. Dissensus: on politics and aesthetics. Tradução de Steve Corcoran. London: Continuum, 2010.
RANCIÈRE, Jacques. The ignorant schoolmaster: five lessons in intellectual emancipation. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991.
RANCIÈRE, Jacques. Who is the subject of the rights of man? The South Atlantic Quarterly, v. 103, n. 2/3, p. 297–310, 2004.
RENAULT, Emmanuel. Social suffering: sociology, psychology, politics. Tradução de Maude Dews. London; New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017.
ROBERTS, Neil. Freedom as marronage. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015.
ROSTBØLL, Christian F. Statelessness, domination, and unfreedom: Arendt and Pettit in dialogue. In: DAHL, C.; ANDERSEN NEXÖ, T. (org.). To be unfree: republicanism and unfreedom in history, literature, and philosophy. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2014. p. 19–36.
RUSSELL, Matheson; MONTIN, Andrew. The rationality of political disagreement: Rancière’s critique of Habermas. Constellations, v. 22, n. 4, p. 543–554, dez. 2015.
SAMNOTRA, Manu. “Poor in world”: Hannah Arendt’s critique of imperialism. Contemporary Political Theory, v. 18, n. 4, p. 562–582, 2019.
TEMIN, David Myer. “Nothing much had happened”: settler colonialism in Hannah Arendt. European Journal of Political Theory, [s.l.], 2019.
VAN DEN BRINK, Bert. Pictures of politics: deliberative and other aspects of politics. ARSP: Archives of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, v. 98, n. 3, p. 396–410, 2012.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2026 Simbólica - Revista de Filosofia da Cultura e Estudos Interdisciplinares
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
